汇编语言
Core
- Instruction
- Register
- Memory
- Assembler
Assembly Language Syntax
- Intel
- AT&T
Assembler
- GAS(AT&T)
- NASM(Intel)
- MASM(Intel)
Linux Include
- /usr/include/asm/
- /usr/include/asm/unistd.h
- /usr/include/asm/unistd_32.h
- /usr/include/asm/unistd_64.h
- /usr/include/asm-generic
Calling Conventions
- x86 calling conventions
- What are the calling conventions for UNIX & Linux system calls (and user-space functions) on i386 and x86-64
- 常见函数调用约定(x86、x64、arm、arm64)
Instruction Type
- Arithmetic/Logic
- Control-Flow
- Data Movement
Instruction
| Instruction | = | Action |
|---|---|---|
| SYSCALL | x86-64系统调用指令 | |
| SYSENTER | x86-32系统调用指令 | |
| INT 0x80 | ||
| CALL | push [return address];jmp [function address] | 将返回地址压入栈，并将调用的地址传给EIP |
| RET | pop EIP | 将栈中的返回地址传给EIP |
| JMP(Jump) | ||
| CMP(Compare) | ||
| JCONDITION(Conditional Jump):JE/JNE/JZ/JG/JGE/JL/JLE | ||
| PUSH(push stack) | add ESP,-4;mov ESP op; | |
| POP(pop stack) | mov location ESP;add ESP,4; | |
| MOV(move) | ||
| LEA(load effictive address) | ||
| ADD(Integer Addition) | ||
| SUB(Integer Subtraction) | ||
| INC(Increment) | ||
| DEC(Decrement) | ||
| IMUL(Integer Multiplication) | ||
| IDIV(Integer Division) | ||
| AND/OR/XOR | ||
| NOT(Bitwise Logical Not) | ||
| NEG | ||
| SHL/SHR |
NASM
Data Type
| Name | Size |
|---|---|
| BYTE | 8Bits |
| WORD | 2Bytes |
| DWORD | 4Bytes |
| QWORD | 8Bytes |
| TWORD | |
| OWORD | |
| YWORK | |
| ZWORD |
Pseudo-Instructions
| Instruction | Type |
|---|---|
| DB | BYTE |
| DW | WORD |
| DD | DWORD |
| DQ | QWORD |
| DT | TWORD |
| DO | OWORD |
| DY | YWORD |
| DZ | ZWORD |
| RESB | |
| RESW | |
| RESD | |
| RESQ | |
| REST | |
| RESO | |
| RESY | |
| RESZ | |
| INCBIN | |
| EQU | |
| TIMES/DUP | |
| ? |
Template
NASM
;[label:] instruction [operands] [; comment]
section .text
global _start
_start:
section .data
section .bss
Compile & Link
nasm -f elf64 -o app.o app.asm
ld -o app app.o
Reference
- Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer Manuals
- NASM
- x86 and amd64 instruction reference
Hello World
; filename: hello.asm
section .text
global _start ;must be declared for linker (ld)
_start:
mov edx,len
mov ecx,msg
mov ebx,1 ; file descriptor
mov eax,4 ; syscall sys_write
int 0x80 ; call kernel
mov ebx,0 ; process's exit code
mov eax,1 ; syscall sys_exit
int 0x80 ; call kernel
section .data
msg db 'Hello, world!', 0xa ; msg是一个字符串常量，值为”Hello，world\n”
len equ $ - msg ; len是一个数字常量，值为msg的长度